अध्याय का सार
संसाधन हैं materials, objects, forces and conditions that can satisfy human needs when they are technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturally acceptable. इस अध्याय में connects resource classification with planning, संरक्षण and सतत विकास.
विस्तृत पाठ्यपुस्तक-आधारित अवधारणाएँ
Types and classification of संसाधनों
Resources may be classified by origin (biotic/abiotic), exhaustibility (renewable/non-renewable), ownership (individual, community, national, international) and status of विकास (potential, developed, stock and reserves).
संसाधन नियोजन in भारत
संसाधन नियोजन involves identifying and inventorying संसाधनों, developing appropriate technology and institutional arrangements, and matching resource विकास with national priorities. It is महत्त्वपूर्ण because संसाधनों are unevenly distributed.
Land संसाधनों and land use
Land supports कृषि, forests, settlements, transport and उद्योग. Land-use patterns reflect physical factors as well as population, technology and economic activities.
Land degradation
Deforestation, overgrazing, mining, over-irrigation and industrial waste can degrade land. Afforestation, controlled grazing, proper irrigation, reclamation and regulated industrial activity help reduce degradation.
Soil as a resource
Soil formation depends on relief, parent rock, climate, vegetation, organisms and time. Major भारतn soil groups include alluvial, black, red and yellow, laterite, arid and forest/mountain soils.
Soil erosion and संरक्षण
Water and wind can remove fertile topsoil. Contour ploughing, terrace farming, strip cropping, shelter belts, afforestation and careful land management help control erosion.
Sustainable विकास
Development must meet present needs while conserving the resource base for future generations. Conservation is therefore linked with both economic विकास and environmental security.
अंतिम समय की पुनरावृत्ति
Revise the definitions, causes, effects, examples, comparisons and textbook activities. Practise map/figure-based points where applicable and answer the chapter exercises in your own words.