अध्याय का सार
Economic activities can be classified by the nature of production and रोज़गार. इस अध्याय में compares primary, secondary and tertiary sectors and examines organised/unorganised and public/private dimensions.
विस्तृत पाठ्यपुस्तक-आधारित अवधारणाएँ
Primary sector
Activities such as farming, fishing, forestry and mining use natural संसाधनों directly and supply raw materials or food.
Secondary sector
Manufacturing and construction transform raw materials into products or structures, adding value through processing.
Tertiary sector
Transport, communication, banking, trade, education, health, administration and many other services support production and directly satisfy needs.
Employment and output
A sector may employ many लोग without producing a proportionate share of output. Underरोज़गार is especially महत्त्वपूर्ण in कृषि.
Organised and unorganised sectors
Organised workers generally receive more formal protection and regulation, while unorganised workers often face insecure रोज़गार and limited benefits.
Public and private sectors
Public-sector organisations are owned or controlled by सरकार and may pursue social objectives; private enterprises are generally owned by individuals or companies.
Creating रोज़गार
Public works, better infrastructure, skill विकास and support for productive activities can generate रोज़गार and improve incomes.
अंतिम समय की पुनरावृत्ति
Revise the definitions, causes, effects, examples, comparisons and textbook activities. Practise map/figure-based points where applicable and answer the chapter exercises in your own words.