Chapter Overview
Development does not have a single meaning for everyone. People seek income as well as security, equality, freedom, health, education and respect. The chapter uses different indicators and public facilities to explain why development must be assessed broadly.
Detailed Textbook-Aligned Concepts
Different goals
Different people can have different and even conflicting development goals. A good development process should improve well-being without creating unacceptable costs for others.
Income and other criteria
Average income helps compare economies, but income alone cannot capture health, education, equality, security or environmental quality.
Per capita income
Average income is commonly calculated as total income divided by population. It is useful for comparison but hides inequalities within a population.
Public facilities
Schools, healthcare, sanitation, clean water, transport and social security can improve quality of life even when household incomes differ.
Human development
Development is multidimensional and includes capabilities and opportunities. Indicators such as health and education complement income measures.
Sustainability
Development should not exhaust natural resources or impose environmental costs on future generations. Sustainable development balances present well-being with long-term resource security.
Last-Minute Revision
Revise the definitions, causes, effects, examples, comparisons and textbook activities. Practise map/figure-based points where applicable and answer the chapter exercises in your own words.